Cylindrical camera module with pivot assembly

ABSTRACT

A camera is provided having a first image capture portion connected to a base by means of a pivot assembly. An electronic imaging sensor is located in the image capture portion and signals from the camera are conveyed by electrical contacts disposed about the base. In order to facilitate electrical communication between the imaging sensor and the electrical contacts over the full pivoting range, an integrated image processing circuit is mounted to a flexible PCB that interconnects the image capture portion with the contacts. The flexible PCB is sufficiently slack to accommodate pivoting of the image capture portion relative to the base.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a Continuation Application of U.S. application Ser. No.10/636,234, filed on Aug. 8, 2003, which is a Continuation Applicationof U.S. application Ser. No. 09/575,135, filed on May 23, 2000, nowissued U.S. Pat. No. 6,812,972.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a compact printer system able to printfull-color, business card size documents from a device about the size ofa pen. The system includes various hot-connectable modules that providea range of functions. In particular the invention relates to a cameramodule for the compact printer system.

Reference may be had to co-pending applications claiming priority fromAustralian Provisional Patent Application number PQ0560 dated May 25,1999. The co-pending applications describe related modules and methodsfor implementing the compact printer system. The co-pendingpatent/applications are as follows:

USSN Title 6,924,907 Compact Color Printer Module 6,712,452 ModularCompact Printer System 6,416,160 Nozzle Capping Mechanism 6,238,043 InkCartridge for Compact Printer System 6,958,826 Controller for PrinterModule 09/575,157 Image Processor for Camera Module 6,554,459 MemoryModule for Compact Printer System 09/575,134 Effects Module for CompactPrinter System 6,956,669 Effects Processor for Effects Module 6,903,766Timer Module for Compact Printer System 6,804,026 Color ConversionMethod for Compact Printer System 7,259,889 Method and Apparatus ofDithering 6,975,429 Method and Apparatus of Image Conversion

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Microelectronic manufacturing techniques have led to the miniaturizationof numerous devices. Mobile phones, personal digital assistant devices,and digital cameras are very common examples of the miniaturizationtrend.

One device that has not seen the advantage of microelectronicmanufacturing techniques is the printer. Commercially available printersare large compared to many of the devices they could support. Forinstance, it is impractical to carry a color printer for the purpose ofinstantly printing photographs taken with known compact digital cameras.

A compact printhead has been described in co-pending U.S. patentapplications filed simultaneously to the present application and herebyincorporated by cross reference:

USSN Title 7,018,016 Fluidic seal for an ink jet nozzle assembly6,428,133 Ink jet printhead having a moving nozzle with an externallyarranged actuator 6,526,658 Method of manufacture of an ink jetprinthead having a moving nozzle with an externally arranged actuator6,328,417 Ink jet printhead nozzle array 6,390,591 Nozzle guard for anink jet printhead

Although digital cameras are known, they require connection to apersonal computer before a hardcopy image can be obtained. Generally, itis necessary to upload images from the camera to the personal computerand then print the images on a desktop printer using a proprietarysoftware package that makes the necessary translation between the imageformat taken by the camera and the format required by the printer. Acamera that is able to link directly to a compact printer would be moredesirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one form, the invention resides in a camera module for a compactprinter system comprising:

-   a body;-   a flexible printed circuit board within said body, said flexible    printed circuit board containing an image sensor that captures an    image of a scene and an image processor that processes said image    into a form suitable for transferring directly to a printer module;-   a connector, at an end of said body, for connecting said camera    module to said printer module, said connector incorporating    connection to a bus providing power and data between said camera    module and said printer module.

Further features of the invention will be evident from the followingdescription.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to assist with describing preferred embodiments of theinvention, reference will be made to the following figures in which:

FIG. 1 is a printer module;

FIG. 2 is a camera module;

FIG. 3 is a memory module;

FIG. 4 is a communication module;

FIG. 5 is a flash module;

FIG. 6 is a timer module;

FIG. 7 is a laser module;

FIG. 8 is an effects module;

FIG. 9 is a characters module;

FIG. 10 is an adaptor module;

FIG. 11 is a pen module;

FIG. 12 is a dispenser module;

FIG. 13 is a first compact printer configuration;

FIG. 14 is a second compact printer configuration;

FIG. 15 is a third compact printer configuration;

FIG. 16 is a fourth compact printer configuration;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the camera module of FIG. 2;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the camera module in a folded position;

FIG. 19 is an exploded view of the camera of the camera module;

FIG. 20 is an exploded view of the base of the camera module;

FIG. 21 is a partly exploded view of the camera module;

FIG. 22 is a cut away side view of the camera module of FIG. 17; and

FIG. 23 is a block schematic diagram of an image processor chip.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 12, there are shown various modules thattogether form a compact printer system. Individual modules can beattached and detached from the compact printer configuration to allow auser-definable solution to business-card sized printing. Images can alsobe transferred from one compact printer to another without the use of asecondary computer system. Modules have a minimal user-interface toallow straightforward interaction.

A compact printer system configuration consists of a number of compactprinter modules connected together. Each compact printer module has afunction that contributes to the overall functionality of the particularcompact printer configuration. Each compact printer module is typicallyshaped like part of a pen, physically connecting with other compactprinter modules to form the complete pen-shaped device. The length ofthe compact printer device depends on the number and type of compactprinter modules connected. The functionality of a compact printerconfiguration depends on the compact printer modules in the givenconfiguration.

The compact printer modules connect both physically and logically. Thephysical connection allows modules to be connected in any order, and thelogical connection is taken care of by the compact printer Serial Bus—abus that provides power, allows the modules to self configure andprovides for the transfer of data.

In terms of physical connection, most compact printer modules consist ofa central body, a male connector at one end, and a female connector atthe other. Since most modules have both a male and female connector, themodules can typically be connected in any order. Certain modules onlyhave a male or a female connector, but this is determined by thefunction of the module. Adaptor modules allow these single-connectormodules to be connected at either end of a given compact printerconfiguration.

A four wire physical connection between all the compact printer modulesprovides the logical connection between them in the form of the compactprinter Serial Bus. The compact printer Serial Bus provides power toeach module, and provides the means by which data is transferred betweenmodules. Importantly, the compact printer Serial Bus and accompanyingprotocol provides the means by which the compact printer systemauto-configures, reducing the user-interface burden on the end-user.

Compact printer modules can be grouped into three types:

-   -   image processing modules including a Printer Module (FIG. 1), a        Camera Module (FIG. 2), an Effects Module (FIG. 8). and a Memory        Module (FIG. 3). Image processing modules are primarily what        sets the compact printer system apart from other pen-like        devices. Image processing modules capture, print, store or        manipulate photographic images;    -   housekeeping modules including an Adapter Module (FIG. 10), a        Communications Module (FIG. 4), and a Timer Module (FIG. 6).        Housekeeping modules provide services to other modules or        extended functionality to other modules; and    -   isolated modules including a Pen Module (FIG. 11) and a Laser        Module (FIG. 7). Isolated modules are those that attach to the        compact printer system but are completely independent of any        other module. They do not necessarily require power, and may        even provide their own power. Isolated Modules are defined        because the functionality they provide is typically incorporated        into other pen-like devices.

Although housekeeping modules and isolated modules are useful componentsin a compact printer system, they are extras in a system dedicated toimage processing and photographic manipulation. Life size (1:1)illustrations of the compact printer modules are shown in FIGS. 1 to 12,and example configurations produced by connecting various modulestogether are shown in FIGS. 13 to 16.

FIG. 1 shows a printer module that incorporates a compact printheaddescribed in co-pending U.S. patent applications listed in theBackground section of this application, incorporated herewith byreference, and referred to herewith as a Memjet printhead. The Memjetprinthead is a drop-on-demand 1600 dpi inkjet printer that producesbi-level dots in up to 4 colors to produce a printed page of aparticular width. Since the printhead prints dots at 1600 dpi, each dotis approximately 22.5 □m in diameter, and spaced 15.875 □m apart.Because the printing is bi-level, the input image should be dithered orerror-diffused for best results. Typically a Memjet printhead for aparticular application is page-width. This enables the printhead to bestationary and allows the paper to move past the printhead. A Memjetprinthead is composed of a number of identical ½ inch Memjet segments.

The printer module 10 comprises a body 11 housing the Memjet printhead.Power is supplied by a three volt battery housed in battery compartment12. The printhead is activated to commence printing when a business card(or similar sized printable media) is inserted into slot 13. Maleconnector 14 and female connector 15 facilitate connection of othermodules to the printer module 10.

FIG. 2 shows a camera module 20. The camera module provides apoint-and-shoot camera component to the compact printer system as ameans of capturing images. The camera module comprises a body 21 havinga female connector 22. A lens 23 directs an image to an image sensor andspecialized image processing chip within the camera portion 24. Aconventional view finder 25 is provided as well as a lens cap 26. Animage is captured when the Take button 27 is pushed. Captured images areprocessed and transferred to the Printer Module 10 for subsequentprinting, manipulation, or storage. The Camera Module also contains aself-timer mode similar to that found on regular cameras.

FIG. 3 shows a Memory Module 30 comprising a body 31, LCD 32, IN button33, OUT button 34 and SELECT button 35. The Memory Module 30 is astandard module used for storing photographic images captured by theCamera 20. The memory module stores 48 images, each of which can beaccessed either at full resolution or at thumbnail resolution. Fullresolution provides read and write access to individual images, andthumbnail resolution provides read access to 16 images at once inthumbnail form.

The Memory Module 30 attaches to other modules via a female connector 36or male connector 37. The male and female connectors allow the module tobe connected at either end of a configuration. Power is provided fromthe Printer Module 10 via the Serial Bus.

A Communications Module 40 is shown in FIG. 4. The communications module40 consists of a connector 41 and a cable 42 that terminates in anappropriate connector for a computer port, such as a USB port, RS232serial port or parallel port. The Communications Module 40 allows thecompact printer system to be connected to a computer. When so connected,images can be transferred between the computer and the various modulesof the compact printer system. The communications module allows capturedimages to be downloaded to the computer, and new images for printing tobe uploaded into the printer module 10.

A Flash Module 50 is shown in FIG. 5. The Flash Module 50 is used togenerate a flash with flash cell 51 when taking photographs with theCamera Module 20. The Flash Module attaches to other modules via femaleconnector 52 and male connector 53. It contains its own power source.The Flash Module is automatically selected by the Camera Module whenrequired. A simple switch allows the Flash Module to be explicitlyturned off to maximize battery life.

FIG. 6 shows a Timer Module 60 that is used to automate the taking ofmultiple photos with the Camera Module 20, each photo separated by aspecific time interval. The captured photos are stored in Memory Module30. Any flash requirements are handled by the Camera Module 20, and cantherefore be ignored by the Timer Module. The Timer Module 60 consistsof a body 61 housing a LCD 62, START/STOP button 63 and UNITS button 64.A SELECT button 65 allows the user to select time units and the numberof units are set by UNITS button 64. The Timer Module 60 includes a maleconnector 66 and female connector 67. The Timer Module takes its powerfrom the Printer Module 10 via the Serial Bus.

A Laser Module 70 is shown in FIG. 7. The Laser Module 70 consists of abody 71 containing a conventional laser pointer operated by button 72.As the Laser Module is a terminal module it only has one connector,which in the example is a male connector 73. The Laser Module is anisolated module, in that it does not perform any image capture, storage,or processing. It exists as a functional addition to the compact printersystem. It is provided because laser pointer services are typicallyincorporated into other pen-like devices. The Laser Module contains itsown power supply and does not appear as a device on the Serial Bus.

The Effects Module shown in FIG. 8 is an image processing module. Itallows a user to select a number of effects and applies them to thecurrent image stored in the Printer Module 10. The effects includeborders, clip-art, captions, warps, color changes, and painting styles.The Effects Module comprises a body 81 housing custom electronics and aLCD 82. A CHOOSE button 83 allows a user to choose between a number ofdifferent types of effects. A SELECT button 84 allows the user to selectone effect from the number of effects of the chosen type. Pressing theAPPLY button 85 applies the effect to image stored in the Printer Module10. The Effects Module obtains power from the Serial Bus. Male connector86 and female connector 87 allow the Effects Module to be connected toother compact printer system modules.

FIG. 9 shows a Character Module 90 that is a special type of EffectsModule (described above) that only contains character clip-art effectsof a given topic or genre. Examples include The Simpsons®, Star Wars®,Batman®, and Dilbert® as well as company specific modules for McDonalds®etc. As such it is an image processing module. It consists of a body 91housing custom electronics and a LCD 92. SELECT button 93 allows theuser to choose the effect that is to be applied with APPLY button 94.The Character Module obtains power from the Serial Bus through maleconnector 95 and female connector 96.

The Adaptor Module 100, shown in FIG. 10, is a female/female connectorthat allows connection between two modules that terminate in maleconnectors. A male/male connector (not shown) allows connection betweentwo modules that terminate in female connectors. The Adaptor Module is ahousekeeping module, in that it facilitates the use of other modules,and does not perform any specific processing of its own.

All “through” modules have a male connector at one end, and a femaleconnector at the other end. The modules can therefore be chainedtogether, with each module connected at either end of the chain. Howeversome modules, such as the Laser Module 70, are terminating modules, andtherefore have either a male or female connector only. Suchsingle-connector modules can only be connected at one end of the chain.If two such modules are to be connected at the one time, an AdaptorModule 100 is required.

FIG. 11 shows a Pen Module 110 which is a pen in a module form. It is anisolated module in that it attaches to the compact printer system but iscompletely independent of any other module. It does not consume orrequire any power. The Pen Module is defined because it is a convenientextension of a pen shaped, pen sized device. It may also come with a cap111. The cap may be used to keep terminating connectors clean in thecase where the chain ends with a connector rather than a terminatingmodule.

To assist with accurately feeding a business card sized print media intoslot 13 of the printer module 10, a dispenser module 120 is provided asshown in FIG. 12. The dispenser module 120 comprises a body 121 thatholds a store of business card sized print media. A Printer Module 10locates into socket 122 on the dispenser module 120. When correctlyaligned, a card dispensed from the dispenser module by slider 123 entersslot 13 and is printed.

In the sense that a minimum configuration compact printer system must beable to print out photos, a minimum compact printer configurationcontains at least a Printer Module 10. The Printer Module holds a singlephotographic image that can be printed out via its Memjet printer. Italso contains the 3V battery required to power the compact printersystem.

In this minimum configuration, the user is only able to print outphotos. Each time a user inserts a business card 130 into the slot inthe Printer Module, the image in the Printer Module is printed onto thecard. The same image is printed each time a business card is insertedinto the printer. In this minimum configuration there is no way for auser to change the image that is printed. The dispenser module 120 canbe used to feed cards 130 into the Printer Module with a minimum offuss, as shown in FIG. 13.

By connecting a Camera Module 20 to the minimum configuration compactprinter system the user now has an instant printing digital camera in apen, as shown in FIG. 14. The Camera Module 20 provides the mechanismfor capturing images and the Printer Module 10 provides the mechanismfor printing them out. The battery in the Printer Module provides powerfor both the camera and the printer.

When the user presses the “Take” button 27 on the Camera Module 20, theimage is captured by the camera 24 and transferred to the Printer Module10. Each time a business card is inserted into the printer the capturedimage is printed out. If the user presses “Take” on the Camera Moduleagain, the old image in the Printer Module is replaced by the new image.

If the Camera Module is subsequently detached from the compact printersystem, the captured image remains in the Printer Module, and can beprinted out as many times as desired. The Camera Module is simply thereto capture images to be placed in the Printer Module.

FIG. 15 shows a further configuration in which a Memory Module 30 isconnected to the configuration of FIG. 14. In the embodiment of FIG. 15,the user has the ability to transfer images between the Printer Module10 and a storage area contained in the Memory Module 30. The userselects the image number on the Memory Module, and then either sendsthat image to the Printer Module (replacing whatever image was alreadystored there), or brings the current image from the Printer Module tothe specified image number in the Memory Module. The Memory Module alsoprovides a way of sending sets of thumbnail images to the PrinterModule.

Multiple Memory Modules can be included in a given system, extending thenumber of images that can be stored. A given Memory Module can bedisconnected from one compact printer system and connected to anotherfor subsequent image printing.

With the Camera Module 20 attached to a Memory Module/Printer Modulecompact printer system, as shown in FIG. 15, the user can “Take” animage with the Camera Module, then transfer it to the specified imagenumber in the Memory Module. The captured images can then be printed outin any order.

By connecting a Communications Module 40 to the minimum configurationcompact printer system, the user gains the ability to transfer imagesbetween a PC and the compact printer system. FIG. 16 shows theconfiguration of FIG. 15 with the addition of a Communications Module40. The Communications Module makes the Printer Module 10 and any MemoryModules 30 visible to an external computer system. This allows thedownload or uploading of images. The communications module also allowscomputer control of any connected compact printer modules, such as theCamera Module 20.

In the general case, the Printer Module holds the “current” image, andthe other modules function with respect to this central repository ofthe current image. The Printer Module is therefore the central locationfor image interchange in the compact printer system, and the PrinterModule provides a service to other modules as specified by userinteraction.

A given module may act as an image source. It therefore has the abilityto transfer an image to the Printer Module. A different module may actas an image store. It therefore has the ability to read the image fromthe Printer Module. Some modules act as both image store and imagesource. These modules can both read images from and write images to thePrinter Module's current image.

The standard image type has a single conceptual definition. The imagedefinition is derived from the physical attributes of the printhead usedin the Printer Module. The printhead is 2 inches wide and prints at 1600dpi in cyan, magenta and yellow bi-level dots. Consequently a printedimage from the compact printer system is 3200 bi-level dots wide.

The compact printer system prints on business card sized pages (85 mm×55mm). Since the printhead is 2 inches wide, the business cards areprinted such that 1 line of dots is 2 inches. 2 inches is 50.8 mm,leaving a 2 mm edge on a standard business-card sized page. The lengthof the image is derived from the same card size with a 2 mm edge.Consequently the printed image length is 81 mm, which equals 5100 1600dpi dots. The printed area of a page is therefore 81 mm×51 mm, or5100×3200 dots.

To obtain an integral contone to bi-level ratio a contone resolution of267 ppi (pixels per inch) is chosen. This yields a contone CMY page sizeof 850×534, and a contone to bi-level ratio of 1:6 in each dimension.This ratio of 1:6 provides no perceived loss of quality since the outputimage is bi-level.

The printhead prints dots in cyan, magenta, and yellow ink. The finaloutput to the printed page must therefore be in the gamut of theprinthead and take the attributes of the inks into account. It would atfirst seem reasonable to use the CMY color space to represent images.However, the printer's CMY color space does not have a linear response.This is definitely true of pigmented inks, and partially true fordye-based inks. The individual color profile of a particular device(input and output) can vary considerably. Image capture devices (such asdigital cameras) typically work in RGB (red green blue) color space, andeach sensor will have its own color response characteristics.

Consequently, to allow for accurate conversion, as well as to allow forfuture image sensors, inks, and printers, the CIE L*a*b* color model[CIE, 1986, CIE 15.2 Colorimetry: Technical Report (2^(nd) Edition),Commission Internationale De l'Eclairage] is used for the compactprinter system. L*a*b* is well defined, perceptually linear, and is asuperset of other traditional color spaces (such as CMY, RGB, and HSV).

The Printer Module must therefore be capable of converting L*a*b* imagesto the particular peculiarities of its CMY color space. However, sincethe compact printer system allows for connectivity to PCs, it is quitereasonable to also allow highly accurate color matching between screenand printer to be performed on the PC. However the printer driver or PCprogram must output L*a*b*.

Each pixel of a compact printer image is therefore represented by 24bits: 8 bits each of L*, a*, and b*. The total image size is therefore1,361,700 bytes (850×534×3).

Each image processing module is able to access the image stored in thePrinter Module. The access is either to read the image from the PrinterModule, or to write a new image to the Printer Module.

The communications protocol for image access to the Printer Moduleprovides a choice of internal image organization. Images can be accessedeither as 850×534 or as 534×850. They can also be accessed ininterleaved or planar format. When accessed as interleaved, each pixelin the image is read or written as 24 bits: 8 bits each of L*, a*, b*.When accessed as planar, each of the color planes can be read or writtenindependently. The entire image of L* pixels, a* pixels or b* pixels canbe read or written at a time.

The Camera Module 20 provides a point-and-shoot camera component to thecompact printer system as a means of capturing images. The Camera Module20 is a standard module containing an image sensor and specialized imageprocessing chip. Captured images are transferred to the Printer Module10 for subsequent printing, manipulation, or storage. The Camera Module20 may also contain a self-timer mode similar to that found on knowncameras.

FIG. 17 shows a magnified perspective view of the Camera Module 20, aspreviously described with reference to FIG. 2. As shown by FIG. 18,there is a swivel connection between the camera portion 24 and the baseportion 28 that allows the camera 24 to be aligned with the base 28 forease of carriage. Also visible in FIG. 18 is the self-timer switch 29.

FIG. 19 is an exploded view of the camera 24. The core of the camera isa CMOS imaging sensor 241 mounted on a flexible printed circuit board(PCB) 242. Also formed on the PCB 242 is an image processing chip 243which may be an application specific integrated circuit. The lens 23focuses the view onto the image sensor 241. The viewfinder 25 allows theuser to select the image to be captured by looking through eyepiece 251.

The lens 23, viewfinder 25 and image sensor 241 are held in chassismolding 213 formed as a pair of half moldings. A front molding 214 isglued to the chassis molding 213 and protects the lens 23 and viewfinder25. The lens cap 26 rotates on pivot 261. The cap is spring loaded byspring 262.

The camera 24 is mechanically connected to base 28 by pivot assembly281. The pivot assembly 281 consists of a cam molding 282. A pin 283fits in hole 284 to hold the upper end of the cam molding 282 in thechasses molding 213. The lower end of the cam molding is held in thebase 28 in the manner described below.

The flex PCB 242 threads through the cam molding and terminates incontacts 221 that connect to the Serial Bus at the female connector 22.A contact 271 forms part of the take button 27. An LED 272 in the takebutton 27 gives a visual indication of a ten second countdown thatapplies when the self-timer switch 29 activates the self-timer. Thecomponents of the camera 24 are contained within a metal case 211.

The base 28 includes an upper molding 285 with slot 286 that receivespin 287. The pin 287 captures the lower end of the pivot assembly 281.The pin 287 is biased by springs 288 towards the bottom of the slot 286.The camera 24 is lifted away from the base 28 to allow it to pivotbetween the positions shown in FIG. 17 and FIG. 18.

The self-timer switch 29 fits in slot 291 and activates the switch bysliding small contact 292 against large contact 293. The actual switchis formed in two parts 294 and 295.

The base 28 also includes a lower molding 289 that carries contactstrips 222. The contacts 221 on the end of the flex PCB 242 mate withthe contact strips 222 to make the contact to the Serial Bus. A flange273 supports the flex PCB 242 in the vicinity of the take button contact271.

The components of the base 28 are contained within a metal extrusion212.

The manner in which the components fit together is made clear in FIG. 21which is a partly exploded view of the camera module 20, and in FIG. 22that is a cut-away view of the camera module 20. Looking particularly atFIG. 22, the path of the flex PCB 242 can be clearly seen.

The Camera Module 20 connects to a compact printer configuration via thefemale connector 22 which joins the camera module to the Serial Bus viacontacts 222. Power is provided from the Printer module 10 via theSerial Bus.

To capture an image, a user simply presses the Take button 27. Theviewfinder 25 allows the user to frame the image before pressing theTake button.

When the Take button 27 is pressed, the image is captured through thelens 23 and transferred to the Printer Module 10. If the Take button ispressed again, a new image will be captured and transferred to thePrinter Module. The image is always transferred to the Printer moduleonce the Take button is pressed. Although the image remains in theCamera Module, there is no physical method of transferring the imagefrom the Camera Module again. The image must be saved from the PrinterModule instead (to, for example, the Memory Module 30). The only way ofdirectly accessing the captured image is via a computer interface usingthe communication module 40.

The self-timer switch 29 set to off/on disables and enables a ten seconddelay between the pressing of the Take button and the capturing of theimage. The LED inside the Take button provides a visual feedback duringthe countdown. The LED flashes once per second, and then stays on forthe final two seconds of the countdown. The self-timing functionality istherefore identical to that of a conventional camera.

If there is an active Flash Module 50 present in the compact printerconfiguration, then the Flash will be activated depending on the FlashModule's flash mode. If the Flash Module has been turned off, then theflash will not fire. If the Flash Module is set to auto, then the flashfires as necessary (light detection carried out by the Camera Module).

As mentioned above, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)configured as an image processor 243 processes images captured by theimage sensor 241. The elements of the image processor 243 are shown inFIG. 23. The elements of the image processor ASIC are described indetail in a co-pending application titled Image Processor for PrinterModule. The image processor 243 includes an image capture unit 231 thatreceives an image from the image sensor 241. The image is processed byan image histogram unit 232 and image enhancement unit 233. The capturedimage is a Bayer color filter array RGB image and it is transformed toan 850×534 contone L*a*b* output image.

The processed image is stored in ImageRAM 234. In normal operation theimage is placed on the Serial Bus through the Serial Bus interface 235and transferred to the printer module 10 for printing. A low speed CPU236 with associated program memory 237 and variable memory 238 take careof housekeeping and administration tasks.

A CPU Memory Decoder 239 is a simple decoder for satisfying CPU dataaccesses. The Decoder translates data addresses into internal registeraccesses over the internal low speed bus 240, and therefore allows formemory mapped I/O of image processor registers. The bus 240 includesaddress lines 240 a and data or control lines 240 b.

A parallel interface 241 connects the image processor to individualstatic electrical signals, such as LCD segments 242 and buttons 243 (eg.self timer). The CPU 236 is able to control each of these connections asmemory-mapped I/O via the low-speed bus 240.

A standard JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) Interface 244 may be includedin the image processor for testing purposes. Due to the complexity ofthe chip, a variety of testing techniques are required, including BIST(Built In Self Test) and functional block isolation.

The image processor 236 may also include a clock phase-locked loop 245that provides timing signals to the controller. The clock 245 draws abase signal from crystal oscillator 246. Some CPU include a clock so theclock 245 and crystal 246 may not be required.

The Camera Module 20 can be instructed to take a photo either by acomputer (via the Communication Module 40) or by another module. Howeverin both cases, the self-timer switch is ignored and the captured imageis not transferred to the Printer Module. Instead, the image is simplycaptured and stored locally in the Camera Module in ImageRam 234. TheCamera Module can then be instructed in a subsequent command to transferits image to a specified module or simply to return it to the caller.

The combination of the camera module 20 with the printer module 10constitutes a minimum compact printer system that allows an image to becaptured and printed directly.

Throughout the specification the aim has been to describe the preferredembodiments of the invention without limiting the invention to any oneembodiment or specific collection of features. Persons skilled in therelevant art may realize variations from the specific embodiments thatwill nonetheless fall within the scope of the invention.

1. A camera module including: an image capture portion having a lenssystem, an imaging sensor and an image processor formed inside acylindrical body, an imaging direction of said lens system being in thedirection of the principle axis of the cylindrical body, the imagesensor capturing an image in a first color space, and the imageprocessor receiving the image in the first color space and convertingthe image to a second color space, the second color space being a deviceindependent color space; a cylindrical base portion having electricalcontacts for connecting to a peripheral device in order to transfer theimage in the second color space to the peripheral device; and a pivotassembly for connecting said image capture portion to said cylindricalbase portion and allowing said image capture portion to be movable aboutsaid pivot assembly between an inoperative position where said imagecapture portion and said cylindrical base portion are co-axial, and anoperative position where the axis of said cylindrical body of said imagecapture portion is substantially perpendicular to the axis of saidcylindrical base portion, said pivot assembly including a flexibleprinted circuit board traversing the pivot assembly and providinginterconnection between said imaging sensor and said electricalcontacts.
 2. The camera module of claim 1 wherein said cylindrical baseportion further includes a bayonet fitting for providing a physicalconnection between said camera module and said peripheral device.
 3. Thecamera module of claim 1 wherein the second color space is the contoneL*a*b* color space.